William Shakespeare - What's in a Name ?

Playwright and poet William Shakespeare dominated the world's theater for more than 500 years On this occasion my article in Dainik Prabhat Pune dated 23 April 2022. He was born in Snitterfield, Avon, Warwickshire, although his date of birth is not available, and he was baptized on 26 April 1564.

Shakespeare was educated at King's New School in Stratford. His father had become rich through farming and trading in various commodities. There were officers in the panchayat of Stratford, but around 1577, their situation deteriorated. Their positions of authority were taken away. Therefore, Shakespeare, who studied at the free school in Stratford, stopped his education and was forced to do some work.

At the age of 18, Shakespeare married 26-year-old Anne Hathaway. There is no definitive record of when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary records show that many of his plays were on the London stage by 1592. This is evident from the playwright Robert Greene's commentary on Shakespeare around that time. . His occupation at this time is unknown. 1585 to 1592 is a completely unknown period in Shakespeare's life.

There is no definite information about what he did during the time he went to society. In the year 1592, he became known to everyone as a budding star in the theater world. In 1593, it is recorded that Shakespeare was in the drama troupe of Lord Chamberlain's Men, which was the Royal Asylum. Therefore, it is believed that he may have made various nominations in the theater business in the previous seven years.

Venus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece, a long narrative poem based on the ancient Roman poet Ovid's "Metamorphosis," and one hundred and fifty-five sonnets by Shakespeare. Literature is considered as a valuable ornament.

The theaters were closed from 1592 to 1594 due to the plague. During this period, Shakespeare wrote the most beautiful poems Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. Theaters started back in 1594. From then on, Shakespeare's name started coming up. At that time, he was working in the troupe of "Lord Chamberlin's Men". This company produced Ben Jonson, Dekker, etc. Plays of other playwrights were also staged.

For this theater company, Shakespeare wrote two such plays every year between 1594 and 1603, and these plays were continuously performed in various theaters in London. Shakespeare's financial glory arose from this business. He became a partner of the King's Men. He bought houses and farms in Stratford and inherited the insignia his father had received as Bailiff of Stratford.

There are four types of Shakespeare's plays which are historical, happy, tragic and romantic with a mixture of pleasures. He created plays keeping in mind the interest of the audience. Shows the consequences of the feuding of the Houses of York and the civil war between them.
Along with that, the importance of national unity and the image of an ideal king were created as an artistic vision.

Most of the Tudor kings of England appear in his historical dramas. Among them, the fourth, the fifth, the sixth Henry II, the third Richard John King, these are some of his immortal profiles. They show Shakespeare's profound and subtle knowledge and observation of the human mind. Due to these plays, a feeling of patriotism was created in European countries.

Shakespeare's tragedies 'Romeo and Juliet' and 'Julius Caesar' have touched the audience and readers a lot. Through the plays 'Hamlet', 'Othello', 'King Lear', 'Macbeth' and 'Antony and Cleopatra', Shakespeare has dealt with betrayal, deceit, revenge. , along with jealousy, adultery, monstrous ambitions, the highest human values, destiny, divine justice and contemplation of death were also portrayed. One of the famous plays he wrote is "Romeo and Juliet". Based on the love story of a boy and a girl and their tragic death, Shakespeare wrote this play early in his career.

Shakespeare lived in London till 1608. He received royal honors. He had intimate relations with the contemporary nut James Burbage, Ben Johnson, Umrao Saudhamton in the royal circle and playwrights. It was during this period that Shakespeare was frequently mentioned and glorified as the best dramatist and poet on the stage.

At that time, printed versions of plays were not widely available in the market. A few people started the business of making copies of these plays but the versions of such plays had many defects. Realizing that there was a demand for his plays, he set up a company himself and started selling authentic copies of his plays in the market. started doing In this he earned a lot of money and became known as one of the richest men in Stratford.

Shakespeare's plays have struck a chord with theater lovers all over the world. And they were translated into many languages. India has a good knowledge of theater from ancient times
The Marathi theater industry also considered Shakespeare as its own.

Govind Ballal Deval brought plays like "Zhunjarrao" in Marathi based on his play. “Sangeet Tara Vilas” (Dattatrey A. Keskar), “Prataparao and Manjula” (Eknath Musale), “Premacha Kalas or Romeo and Juliet” (Khanderao Belsare), “Mohan Tara” (K.R. Chapakhane) from the play Romeo and Juliet. "Romeo and Juliet" (K.J. Purohit), "Sasikala and Ratnapal" (Narayan Kanitkar), "Romeo and Juliet" (Khanderao Belsare) came to Marathi theatre.

Marathi writers wrote innumerable novels based on many novels based on his plays. Among them “Mohana's Ring” (D. Go. Limaye) 2. “Sangeet Pranayamudra”(Vitthal Sitaram Gurjar)3. “The Merchant of Venice” (Khanderao Bhikaji Belsare) 4. Merchant of Venice (D.N. Peaks) 5. “Sangeet Saudagar” (Mohan Agashe) 6. “Female Justice” (Atmaram v. Patkar) 7. “Merchant of Venice” (Govind Vasudev Kanitkar) 8. Many such names can be taken.

Around 1610, Shakespeare moved to Stratford for permanent residence. This great dramatist died there on 23rd April, 1616. But the name of Shakespeare, who says what is in a name, has become immortal.

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